Poster Presentation 8th Australasian Virology Society Meeting and 11th Annual Meeting of the Australian Centre for Hepatitis & HIV Virology Meeting 2015

Achimota Virus 1 & 2: Confirmed Zoonotic Potential (#204)

Shawn Todd 1 , Kate Baker 2 3 , Jennifer Barr 4 , Gary Crameri 4 , Adam Foord 4 , Glenn Marsh 4 , Ina Smith 4 , Reuben Klein 4 , Jessica Haining 4 , Deborah Middleton 1 , Andrew Cunningham 2 , Linfa Wang 5
  1. AAHL, CSIRO, East Geelong, VIC, Australia
  2. Institute of Zoology, London, United Kingdom
  3. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  4. AAHL, CSIRO, East Geelong, VIC, Australia
  5. Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
New and emerging zoonotic viruses are one of the greatest threats facing world health today. Viral spillover events originating from wildlife, account for the majority of new outbreak cases and have a major global impact on agricultural industries and human health. Bats have been implicated as the natural reservoirs for a number of highly pathogenic zoonotic viruses (eg. Ebola, SARS, Hendra and Nipah). Here, we present two newly isolated viruses, Achimota virus 1 and Achimota virus 2 (AchPV1 and AchPV2), which were isolated directly from bat (E. helvum) urine samples collected from under urban bat roosts in Accra, Ghana. Both viruses are classified in the family of Paramyxoviridae, genus Rubulavirus, forming a cluster with other bat derived viruses, Tioman and Menangle viruses, both of which have evidence of zoonotic potential. Results from serological surveys, have identified wide spread antibody prevalence across bat populations throughout Africa and neutralising antibodies in humans, indicating a zoonotic potential for both Ach1 and Ach2. To further investigate this potential, two animal infection trials were conducted in the high containment facility at AAHL. Early results from these animal trials have confirmed the ability of these viruses to replicate in a number of mammalian species with seroconversion, histological evidence of disease and viral shedding identified in some animal models. These results also highlight the possibility that both AchPV1 and AchPV2 may be causing undiagnosed disease in humans. This discovery supports strategic surveillance based viral discovery and contributes to the understanding of viral spillover dynamics while highlighting the need for outbreak preparedness.